Sub-Saharan Africa2
Malabo Convention
African Union member statesContinental framework treaty bundling data protection, cybercrime, cybersecurity, and e-commerce. Does not directly regulate websites but sets minimum standards for national laws. Took 9 years to reach the 15-ratification threshold. South Africa notably has not ratified.
Law 007/PR/2015
ChadChad's data protection law with dual administrative and criminal enforcement through ANSICE. Consent is required for all personal data processing, with graduated administrative sanctions escalating from warnings to processing bans before monetary penalties. The fine ceiling of XAF 10 million is relatively modest compared to regional peers, supplemented by criminal sanctions of up to 1 year imprisonment.