Europe3
The GDPR sets the global standard for data protection, requiring explicit opt-in consent before processing personal data of EU/EEA residents. For websites, non-essential cookies must be blocked until visitors actively consent. Pre-ticked boxes and implied consent are invalid.
Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive is the primary EU legal basis requiring cookie consent. It mandates prior informed consent before storing or accessing any information on a user's device, with narrow exceptions only for transmission necessity and explicitly requested services.
Latvia implements the ePrivacy Directive through the Law on Information Society Services (LISS), requiring express prior consent before placing cookies. A 2021 DVI audit of 29 websites found all 26 major e-merchants in violation of cookie requirements.