Europe3
The GDPR sets the global standard for data protection, requiring explicit opt-in consent before processing personal data of EU/EEA residents. For websites, non-essential cookies must be blocked until visitors actively consent. Pre-ticked boxes and implied consent are invalid.
Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive is the primary EU legal basis requiring cookie consent. It mandates prior informed consent before storing or accessing any information on a user's device, with narrow exceptions only for transmission necessity and explicitly requested services.
Luxembourg implements the ePrivacy Directive through the Act of 30 May 2005. The CNPD requires both I accept all and I refuse all on the first layer of cookie banners. Consent validity is limited to a maximum of 12 months, making Luxembourg one of the few countries with an explicit expiration period.