Sub-Saharan Africa2
DPA 2021
ZambiaZambia's comprehensive data protection law establishing the Office of the Data Protection Commissioner. Enforcement formally began in March 2025 after a transition period. The law mandates registration of data controllers and licensing of data auditors, with a two-tier penalty structure distinguishing corporate entities from individuals. The 2% annual turnover cap applies to corporate penalties.
Malabo Convention
African Union member statesContinental framework treaty bundling data protection, cybercrime, cybersecurity, and e-commerce. Does not directly regulate websites but sets minimum standards for national laws. Took 9 years to reach the 15-ratification threshold. South Africa notably has not ratified.